Investigating the Role of Plays in Reducing EFL Learners’ Speaking Anxiety

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CHAPTER ONE Literature Review 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Speaking 1.2.1 Definitions of Speaking 1.2.2 The Components of Speaking Proficiency 1.2.3 Teaching Speaking 1.2.4 The Importance of Speaking Skill in the EFL Context 1.3 Communicative Language Teaching 1.4 Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis 1.5 Factors Affecting EFL Learners’ Speaking Performance 1.3.1 Self-esteem 1.3.2 Motivation 1.3.3 Self-confidence 1.3.4 Stress 1.4 Anxiety 1.4.1 Definitions of Anxiety 1.4.2 Foreign Language Anxiety and Speaking 1.4.3 Aspects of Foreign Language Anxiety 1.4.4 Types of Anxiety CHAPTER TWO Plays and Drama 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Plays and Drama Defined 2.2.1 Drama 2.2.2 Plays (Theatre) 2.4 Types of EFL Drama Activities 2.4.1 Mime 2.4.2 Role-Play 2.4.3 Improvisation 2.4.4 Simulations 2.5 The Role of Drama in EFL Teaching 2.6 Drama and Theater Method within FL Theories and Teaching Methodologies 2.7 Foreign Language Leaning Theories in Relation to Drama and Theater Method 2.7.1 Behaviourism 2.7.2 Cognitivism 2.8 Teaching Methods in Relation with Drama and Theater 2.8.1 The Direct Method 2.8.2 The Audio-Lingual Method 2.8.3 The Communicative Method 2.8.4 The Natural Approach 2.9 The Benefits of Using Drama and Theater Method in FL Teaching 2.10 Conclusion CHAPTER THREE Research methodologyand Data AnalySES 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Aims 3.3 Research Design 3.3.1 Instruments 3.3.2 Participants 3.4 Students’ Questionnaire Analyses 3.5 Discussion of the Results 3.6 Teachers’ Questionnaire 3.7 Analyses of Teachers’ Questionnaire 3.7.1 Teachers’ Profile 3.7.2 Teachers’ awareness about Speaking Anxiety 3.7.3 Learners’ Speaking Difficulties (question 6) 3.7.4 Teachers’ Strategies to deal with students speaking difficulties (question7) 3.7.5 Teachers ‘Opinions about the Sources of Speaking Anxiety (question 8) 3.7.6 Teachers’ Strategies to Overcome the Students’ Speaking Anxiety (question 9) 3.7.7 The Use of Plays and Drama Activities in Teaching Oral Expression (question 10) 3.7.8 Teachers’ Opinions about the Effectiveness of Plays in Enhancing the Speaking Skill (question 11) 3.7.9 Teachers’ Opinions about the Role of Plays in reducing EFL Learners’ Speaking Anxiety (question 12) 3.7.10 Ways of Introducing Plays in Teaching (question 13) 3.7.11 Different Types of Plays (question 14) 3.7.12 Teachers’ Opinions about the Implementation of Theatre in EFL Department (question 15) 3.8 Interpretation of Teachers’ Questionnaire Results 3.9 Interpretation of the Main Findings 3.10 Limitations of the Study 3.11 Suggestions and Recommendations 3.12 Conclusion General Conclusion Bibliography Appendices

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