Circular economy in aquaculture: formulation of feed from agricultural by products and wasts to improuve growth, metabolism and immunity system of Red Tilapia.

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Introduction 1. Red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) 1.2 Taxonomic hierarchy of red tilapia 1.3 Biological and ecological characteristics of oreochromis spp: 1.3.1 Temperature 1.4 Morphological features of oreochromis spp: 1.5 Physiological Adaptations of Red Tilapia 1.6. Tilapia growth: 1.7. Diet and Feeding Habits : 1.8. Nutritional requirement: 1.8.1. protein: 1.8.2. Lipids: 1.8.3. Carbohydrates : 1.8.4. Fiber Limitations: 1.8.5. Vitamin supplementation: 1.10 Major pathologies affecting red tilapia (Oreochromis spp): 2. Red Tilapia cultivation in algeria 2.1 Current status of aquaculture in algeria 2.2 Farming Practice 2.3 Economic importance of Red Tilapia CHAPTER 2: Materials & methods Materials and methods 1. The biological material: 2. Experimental design and Breeding system installation 3. The filtration system 5. Preparation of feed: Carob: Sunflower seeds: Vine by-products Moringa: Spirulina: 1. Weighting all ingredients with precision 8. Monitoring fish growth during the experiment: 9. Growth and feed use indicators: 10. Blood sampling for health analysis: 11. Tissue sampling 12. TBARS Assay procedure: 13. Lipid extraction using the Folch method 15. Tissue sampling Results & discussions 1. Growth performance parameters : 1.1. weight gain: 1.2. Daily weight gain: 1.3. Specific growth weight 1.4. Feed conversion ratio: 1.5. Survival rate: 1.6. Feed efficiency: 1.7. Evolution of Red tilapia weight with different feeds during time: 1.8. Analysis of Lipid Content in Fish Flesh under Different Dietary Treatments: 1.9. Final lipid oxydation (nmol/g) 3. Biochemical and immune parametres: CONCLUSION Recommendations: Perspectives:

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